Teen substance abuse is a growing public health issue that poses serious risks to the physical, emotional, and social development of adolescents. The study will be backed by five research objectives. While numerous factors contribute to substance use among teenagers, the family structure remains a critical but often underexplored determinant. This study aims to investigate the role that various family structures—such as nuclear, single-parent, blended, and extended families—play in either increasing vulnerability to or protecting against teen substance abuse. Through a mixed-method approach involving surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis, the research seeks to identify how elements like parental involvement, supervision, emotional support, and household stability influence substance use behavior among adolescents. The findings are expected to offer evidence-based insights that can inform family-centered prevention strategies and guide policymakers, educators, and caregivers in developing effective interventions. Ultimately, the study highlights the importance of a supportive and structured family environment as a protective factor in safeguarding teens from the harmful effects of substance abuse.