This study This study investigated learners’ perceptions towards mathematics at Katombora Secondary School in Kazungula District. The study focused on identifying students’ perceptions towards mathematics, factors affecting mathematics learning, and strategies for improving students’ attitudes towards the subject. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used, and data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and document analysis from 54 respondents, including pupils, parents, and mathematics teachers. The findings revealed that many students perceive mathematics as difficult, boring, and abstract, which results in fear, anxiety, low confidence, and poor academic performance. Negative teacher behaviours and lack of encouragement were also found to affect learners’ participation in mathematics lessons. However, the study established that positive teaching practices and the use of technology in mathematics education can improve students’ interest, engagement, and performance in the subject.