With the rapid increase in the use of electric vehicles and renewable energy systems, efficient battery management has become very important. Batteries are the main energy storage devices, and their performance and safety depend on proper monitoring of parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge.
In this project, a Battery Management System (BMS) is designed and developed using Arduino Uno. The system continuously monitors battery parameters and displays real-time values on an LCD. It also calculates battery percentage and estimates discharge time based on load conditions.
A key feature of this project is regenerative energy monitoring. When current flows in reverse direction, the system detects it as regenerative condition and calculates the energy recovered. This helps in improving system efficiency.
The system also includes safety features such as low battery indication, over-temperature protection, and automatic cutoff using a relay module. The overall system is simple, cost-effective, and suitable for small-scale electric vehicle and battery applications.